Autoimmune hepatitis is a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the liver cells, leading to inflammation of the liver.
On July 28th, the world observes World Hepatitis Day. As per the American National Institute of Health, autoimmune hepatitis affects approximately four to 43 out of 100,000 adults and around 2 to 10 out of 100,000 children.
Dr. Naveen Polavarapu, a senior consultant gastroenterologist, liver specialist, and advanced therapeutic endoscopist & endosonologist at Yashoda Hospitals in Hyderabad, highlights that hepatitis is a broad term denoting inflammation of the liver, which is a vital and sizeable organ in the human body.
Indeed, hepatitis comes in various forms, and in the case of autoimmune hepatitis, Dr. Polavarapu clarifies that the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks liver cells, leading to inflammation of the liver. This condition can have serious implications for the liver’s health and function.
Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease in which the body’s immune system, which is designed to protect against harmful invaders like viruses and bacteria, mistakenly attacks the liver cells. This immune response causes inflammation and damage to the liver over time. If left untreated, it can lead to progressive liver scarring, known as cirrhosis, and ultimately, liver failure.
The exact cause of autoimmune hepatitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. It predominantly affects women more than men and can occur at any age, although it is most commonly diagnosed in young to middle-aged adults.
Symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis can vary from mild to severe and may include fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), itching, and loss of appetite. Some individuals may experience joint pain, skin rashes, or other symptoms related to autoimmune conditions.
Diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis involves a combination of blood tests, imaging studies, and a liver biopsy. Blood tests can detect certain antibodies and elevated liver enzymes that indicate liver inflammation. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or MRI, can help assess the liver’s condition. A liver biopsy is often performed to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the extent of liver damage.
Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis aims to suppress the immune system’s activity and reduce liver inflammation. Immunosuppressive medications, such as corticosteroids and immunomodulators, are commonly prescribed. In some cases, liver transplantation may be necessary if the liver becomes severely damaged or fails to respond to medical therapy.
Early detection and timely treatment are essential for managing autoimmune hepatitis and preventing complications. Regular follow-ups with a hepatologist or gastroenterologist are crucial to monitor the disease’s progression and adjust the treatment plan as needed.
World Hepatitis Day, observed on July 28 each year, aims to raise awareness about viral hepatitis and other liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis, and to promote strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.